• Non-destructive sensing and health monitoring for concrete and bridges employ electrical impedance, radar, and interferometry to assess moisture, corrosion potential, delamination, and aging in situ [6], [17], [16], [11], [19].

• Artificial intelligence and neural networks underpin early data-driven modeling of material behavior and structural response in civil engineering, including knowledge-based modeling and systems applications [20], [18], [15].

• Durability-focused concrete research evaluates long-term strength, permeability, and abrasion resistance using silica fume, fly ash, slag, and recycled polymers to improve robustness and life-cycle performance [4], [7], [2], [5], [14], [13].

• Rehabilitation design and materials testing emphasize resilient modulus, rutting reduction, and asphalt–Portland cement composites to extend service life of pavements and bridges, including lab and field evaluations [10], [8], [1], [9], [11].

• Fracture mechanics and experimental investigations on aging infrastructure highlight fracture behavior of high-strength concrete and the performance of aging slab bridges under modern loading [13], [9], [3].